Safety analysis of postoperative cyclophosphamide combined with taxane chemotherapy in patients with triple-negative breast cancer and chronic renal failure / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective:To explore the safety of cyclophosphamide combined with taxane chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer patients with chronic renal failure and the management strategy of complications.Methods:Data of 8 patients with triple-negative breast cancer and chronic renal failure admitted to our hospital from Jun 2016 to Dec 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Eight patients received standard cyclophosphamide combined with taxane (TC regimen) chemotherapy after operation, 5 of which received docetaxel 75 mg/m 2 + cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m 2, and 3 received albumin paclitaxel 260 mg/m 2+ cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m 2, during chemotherapy, only leukopenia, hair loss and gastrointestinal reactions occurred in grades 3 to 4, and the incidence was 25%, 25% and 12%, respectively. Four patients adjusted the dosage due to adverse reactions. One patient quit, the remaining patients successfully completed 4 cycles of chemotherapy. The average serum creatinine before chemotherapy was (498±63) μmol/L, and after chemotherapy, it was (518±61) μmol/L ( t=-2.335, P>0.05). Conclusions:Combined with chronic renal failure is not a contraindication to postoperative chemotherapy for patients with breast cancer. It is safe to choose standard TC regimen and adjust the dose of adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with triple-negative breast cancer.

Clinical study on endoscopic surgery for soft tissue necrosis of cranial base after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To investigate the diagnosis and surgical treatment of patients with soft tissue necrosis of cranial base after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods: The clinical data of 7 NPC patients with soft tissue necrosis but not bone necrosis after radiotherapy were retrospectively analyzed.They were treated in Xiangya Hospital from 2015 to 2019. The clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis were analyzed. The major clinical symptoms of the 7 patients were headache in 7 cases, hearing loss in 7 cases, long-term nasal malodor in 5 cases and epistaxis in 2 cases. All patients underwent high-resolution CT, MR and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) before operation. All cases were treated with extended transnasal endoscopic approach under general anesthesia for resection of necrotic tissue. Five cases had their affected cartilaginous segments of the eustachian tubes partially or completely resected, 7 cases were treated with myringotomy and tube insertion, and 1 case was treated with pansinusectomy. Anti-inflammatory treatment were carried out during the perioperative period. The recovery of patients was observed and recorded through regular follow-up (from 6 months to 3 years) after the operation. Results: Nasopharynx soft tissue lesions can be seen in seven patients with bone cortex integrity by CT, and small bubble shadow can be seen at junction area between skull base soft tissue lesions and skull base bone surface.MR and MRA examination showed extensive inflammatory changes of nasopharynx. Parapharyngeal irregular necrotic cavity was found in 6 cases without central enhancement, demonstrating edema of surrounding soft tissue. The necrotic tissue of all 7 patients was surgically removed. Postoperative pathological examinations confirmed that all of them were necrotic soft and cartilaginous tissue, without tumor recurrence. The symptoms of all patients were significantly alleviated after operation. Headache was cured in 5 cases and relieved in 2 cases. Nasal malodor was cured in 4 cases and alleviated in 1 case. During the follow-up period, 5 patients survived, and 2 patients who had their eustachian tube reserved died. One of them died of nasopharyngeal hemorrhage caused by recurrent nasopharyngeal necrosis 3 months after the operation. Another case died of severe intracranial infection 6 months after operation. Conclusions: The diagnosis of skull base soft tissue necrosis after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma needs comprehensive analysis of radiotherapy history, clinical manifestations and imaging examination. High resolution CT, MR and MRA of skull base are very important for diagnosis. Early active removal of large-scale necrotic lesions under endoscope and partial or total resection of eustachian tube cartilage according to the involvement of eustachian tube cartilage is effective means of controling skull base soft tissue necrosis after radiotherapy. The effective means of necrosis can improve the quality of life of patients.

Clinical features and prognosis of patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction comorbid with diabetes mellitus / 中国介入心脏病学杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical features of patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) comorbid with diabetes mellitus (DM) and to analyze the prognosis within 12 months after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pre-PCI). Methods A total of 375 STEMI patients were divided into the diabetes group (n=140) and the normal blood glucose group(n=235) according to whether they met the diagnostic criteria of DH. The clinical data,characteristics of coronary artery lesions,type of stent implant,rate of coronary slow flow or no-reflow after pre-PCI, and the prognosis within 12 months after PCI of the two groups were investigated.Results Patient in the diabetes group presented with higher mean age ,higher comorbid rates of hypertension , hyperlipidemia and heart function of Killip class Ш and above than patients in the normal blood glucose group (all P<0.05). patients in the diabetes group had higher rates of slow reflow /no-reflow after PCI(12.9% vs.5.5%,P=0.013),higher percentages of 3-ressel disease(40.7% vs. 28.9%,P=0.019)and lef t main lesions(13.6% vs. 7.2%,P=0.044). The in-hospital mortality rates(6.4% vs.1.7%,P=0.020),revascularization rates within 12 months(7.9% vs.0.9%,P=0.001)and incidence of heart failure(7.9% vs. 2.6%,P=0.017)were all higher in the diabetes group. Conclusions STEMI patients comorbid with DM were relatively older, had higher comorbidities of hypertension,hyperlipidemia, three-vessel disease, left main coronary lesions and higher mortality during hospitalization. No significant increase in cardiac death and recurrent myocardial infarction were deserved during the follow-up period. These patients may benefit more from early intervention.

Assessment of palm and axillary temperature changes in determining the success of thoracic paravertebral block in breast cancer patients / 临床麻醉学杂志

Objective To observe the skin temperature changes on blocked area of ultrasoundguided thoracic paravertebral block and to explore the accuracy of the temperature changes in predic ting the effect of nerve block in breast cancer patients.Methods One hundred and twenty breast cancer patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy,aged 29-67 years,ASA physical status Ⅰ-Ⅲ,were selected for the study.Before general anesthesia induction,ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block was performed.After the block site T34 was determined,25 ml 0.25％ ropivacaine was injected around the thoracic paravertebral space.The skins of palm and axillary regions both in blocked and unblocked sites were randomly selected.The skin temperature before nerve block and 15 min after were recorded,and the skin temperature changes were calculated.The sensitivity and specificity of the temperature changes in determining the effect of thoracic paravertebral block was assessed by using the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC).Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation.Results The value of area under curve (AUC) of the ROC of the skin temperature changes in palm regions responding to the effects of block was 0.892 (95％CI 0.803-0.947).The cut-off value was 0.9C which sensitivity and specificity was 87.3％ and 75.9％,respectively.The AUC in axillary regions was 0.813 (95％CI 0.756 0.884),the cut-off value was 0.4 C which sensitivity and specificity was 80.7％ and 71.6％,respectively.The value of AUC in palm regions was larger than in axillary regions (P＜0.05).Conclusion The present study demonstrated that the changes of the skin temperature in palm and axillary regions have a high accuracy in predicting the effect of T3-4 thoracic paravertebral block,which can be used in determining the success of T3-4 thoracic paravertebral block.The assessment of temperature changes in palm regions is more accuracy than in axillary.

Effects of two analgesia methods on the stress response and hemodynamics during total knee arthroplasty / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Pain relief in patients with total knee arthroplasty has always been an important problem, and searching for a safe and effective analgesic method is an issue of concern.OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of patient controlled nerve femoral analgesia and patient controlled epidural analgesia on the perioperative stress response and hemodynamics in patients with total knee arthroplasty.METHODS: Sixty patients undergoing unilateral total knee arthroplasty admitted in the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University from August 2012 to January 2016 were selected and equally divided into observation and control groups according to the order of admission. The total knee arthroplasty was completed by the senior doctors using operation criteria. The patient controlled epidural analgesia analgesia was used in the control group, while the observation group received the patient controlled nerve femoral analgesia analgesia. The prognosis, perioperative stress response and hemodynamic changes were observed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The Visual Analogue Scale scores at postoperative 4, 24 and 48 hours in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). (2) The serum level of 5-hydroxytryptamine at postoperative 24 and 48 hours in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). (3) The American Knee Society Knee Score scores at baseline showed no significant difference between two groups, and then appeared to be on a significant rise postoperatively (P < 0.05), while the scores at postoperative 1 and 3 months in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05).(4) The incidence of respiratory depression, urinary retention, atelectasis, skin itching, nausea and vomiting at postoperative 3 months in the observation group was significantly less than that in the control group (P < 0.05). (5) These results manifest that compared with the patient controlled epidural analgesia, the patient controlled nerve femoral analgesia in total knee arthroplasty can alleviate the stress response to pain and reduce the expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine and the incidence of complications, further promoting the recovery of joint function.

The value of multiple immunological indexes in the identification of anaphylactic death by penicillin / 中国法医学杂志

Objective To investigate the expression level of tryptase, chymase, IL-4 and IL-10 in guinea pigs died from anaphylactic death caused by penicillin allergy within 48 hours. Methods Guinea pigs were sensitized and elicited by penicilloyl-protein, the blood and tissues were extracted within 48 hours after the death. The expression of tryptase and chymase in tracheas and lungs were detected by the ways of immunohistochemistry, IL-4 and IL-10 levels in serum, tracheas and lungs were detected by ELISA. Results Compared with the control group, the expression of tryptase and chymase has enhanced in lungs and tracheas, the level of IL-4 and IL-10 increased in serum, lungs and tracheas in experimental groups(P<0.05). Conclusion Tryptase, chymase, IL-4 and IL-10 have significant value in the identification of the deaths caused by penicillin allergy.

Accuracy of analgesia/nociception index in assessing severity of postoperative pain / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To investigate the accuracy of analgesia/nociception index (ANI) in assessing the severity of postoperative pain in patients.Methods Eighty patients,aged 21-77 yr,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ-Ⅲ,scheduled for elective operation,were admitted to the postanesthesia care unit after the patients were extubated at the end of operation,and ANI was monitored.Immediately after admission to the postanesthesia care unit (T0),numerical rating scale (NRS) score was recorded.If NRS score was 0-3,the patients received no treatment,and NRS score was recorded again 10 min later (T1).If NRS score was 4-10,fentanyl 50 μg was injected intravenously,and NRS score was recorded again 5 min later (T2).ANI value was recorded at T0,T1 and T2.NRS score was considered as the criterion for assessment of the severity of pain.The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to analyze the sensitivity and specificity of ANI in determining NRS scores,the cut-off value was determined,and the area under the curve and 95％ confidence interval were calculated.Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between ANI and NRS score.Results The area under the curve (95％ confidence interval) of ANI in determining NRS scores was 0.873 (0.816-0.929),and the cut-off value was 45 with a sensitivity of 74.8％ and a specificity of 87.5％.ANI was negatively correlated with NRS score,and the correlation coefficient was-0.705 (P＜0.05).Conclusion ANI provides high accuracy in assessing the severity of postoperative pain with a cut-off value of 45 in the patients.

Significance of pupillary diameter variation in assessment of postoperative pain / 临床麻醉学杂志

Objective To observe the reactivity of pupillary diameter variation responding to numerical rating scale on postoperative pain to explore the accuracy of pupillary diameter variation for pain assessment.Methods Eighty patients after selected surgery (male 43 cases,female 37 cases,aged 24-79 years,ASA gradeⅠorⅡ)were included for the trial.After endotracheal extubation and on arri-val in the post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU),the levels of pain on numerical rating scale (NRS)were rated and recorded subsequently.If NRS was within 0-3,no analgesic was administered and 50 μg fentanyl was administrated after 5 min if NRS rated in 4-10.The pupillary diameter (PD),systolic blood pressure (SBP)and heart rate (HR)were recorded every minute during 20 minute after first NRS evaluation,the corresponding maximum variation of above index were calculated simultaneously in 10 minutes with NRS 0-3,after 5 minutes with NRS 0-3 to 4-10,after 5 minutes with NRS 4-10 to 0-3,in 10 minutes with NRS 4-10 which were marked respectively with ΔPD,ΔSBP and ΔHR.With the variation of NRS as a criterion,the reactivity of ΔHR,ΔSBP and ΔPD responding to NRS varia-tion were assessed by analysing the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC),the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC)was calculated.Results The patients' ROC value ofΔHR,ΔSBP and ΔPD responding to NRS variation were AUCΔPD 0.904 (95% CI 0.822-0.987 ), AUCΔSBP 0.65 1(95%CI 0.5 10-0.781)and AUCΔHR 0.588(95%CI 0.444-0.733)respectively.Value of AUCΔPD was larger than that of AUCΔSBP and AUCΔHR respectively (P < 0.05 ).Importantly, operating characteristic curve (ROC)analysis showed that the diagnostic cutoff value of ΔPD was 41.3% with a sensitivity of 80.0% and a specificity of 93.5% and the diagnostic cutoff value of ΔSBP was 10.3% with a sensitivity of 62.4% and a specificity of 71.5%.Conclusion This study demon-strated that the accuracy of ΔPD was higher than ΔSBP and ΔHR responding to pain/analgesia evalu-ation.ΔPD was a valuable index for assessment of postoperative pain.

Resection of parapharyngeal neoplasms via styloid diaphragm approach / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the surgical technique and efficacy of the resection of parapharyngeal space neoplasm via styloid diaphragm approach.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-three cases underwent the resection of parapharyngeal space tumors via styloid diaphragm approach from Jan 2005 to Jan 2011 were reviewed. Of the cases, 28 were with benign tumors treated by surgery alone, and 5 were malignant tumors treated by surgery plus postoperative radical radiotherapy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The parapharyngeal neoplasms in all cases were completely resected via styloid diaphragm approach. The postoperative follow-up ranged from 13 months to 7 years (median = 4.6 years). No tumor recurrence was found in 30 cases, but 3 cases experienced tumor recurrence, including 1 chondrosarcoma (3 years after surgery and chemoradiotherapy), 1 chordoma and 1 adenoid cystic carcinoma (5 years after surgery and radiotherapy). Severe postoperative complications were not observed, but 2 cases showed mild mouth askew and fully recovered after 3 months, and 1 case was complicated with hoarseness and cough symptoms that disappeared after heteropathy.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Resection of parapharyngeal neoplasms via styloid diaphragm approach is an ideal surgical technique, with well-exposed surgical field, less tissue injury, and less postoperative complication.</p>

Endoscopic posterior septectomy for patients with nasopharyngeal tumor / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the techniques, advantages and disadvantages, indications and cautions of a surgical approach for the resection of nasopharyngeal tumor.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ten cases with nasopharyngeal tumors were recruited in this study, of them, 3 cases with residual nasopharyngeal carcinoma after chemoradiotherapy, 2 cases with cavernous angioma, 2 cases with benign mixed tumor, 1 malignant mixed tumor, 1 adenoid cystic carcinoma, and 1 chordoma. All patients underwent endoscopic resection of posteroinferior quarter part of nasal septum, and then the removal of nasopharyngeal tumors through bilateral transnasal approach.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Total resection of the tumor was achieved for all cases without severe surgical complications. All cases with benign tumors, with following-up of 6-18 months, showed no recurrence. Of 6 cases with malignant tumors, with following-up of 12-48 months, 5 cases showed no recurrence, and 1 case was suspected to relapse one year postoperatively, but not with any lesion enlargement after another 6 month follow-up.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Posteroinferior quarter part of nasal septectomy is preferred for endoscopic resection of nasopharyngeal tumors because it can provide a panoramic view on nasopharyngeal cavity and tumors, thus, facilitating the removal of nasopharyngeal tumors.</p>

The therapeutic effects of combination of γ-aminobutyric acid, sodium dimercaptopropane sultanate and vitamin B6 in large doses on liver and heart in rats with acute tetramine intoxication / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To observe the therapeutic effects of the co-administration of γ-aminobutyric acid (CABA), sodium dimercaptopropane sulfonate (Na-DMPS) and vitamin B6 in large doses on liver and heart of rats with acute tetramine intoxication, and compare their separate effects of either GABA or Na-DMPS alone with those of the triad combination. Method Thirty rats were randomized into control group (n = 6), tetramine intoxication without treatment group (n = 6), tetramine intoxication treated with GABA group (n = 6), tetramine intoxication treated with Na-DMPS group (n = 6) and tetramine intoxication treated with triad combination (GABA + Na-DMPS + vitamin B6, GNDV n = 6) group. Samples of blood, liver tissue and heart tissue of rats with acute tetramine intoxication were collected immediately two hours after medication with different drugs. Serum alanine aminotrasferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) were measured, and the pathological changes of liver tissue and heart tissue were observed under microscope. Results The symptoms of poisoning were apparently relieved and the latency for convulsion/muscular twitch were obviously delayed in poisoned rats treated with GABA, Na-DMPS and GNDV separately. Furthermore, combination group showed the latent period delayed longer than either GABA or Na-DMPS groups The GABA, Na-DMPS and GNDV significantly lowered the serum levels of ALT, AST, CK and CK-MB in rats with tetramine intoxication, and those serum levels of enzymes were lower in GNDV group than those in either GABA group or Na-DMPS group. However, there were no difference in those serum enzymes between GABA group and Na-DMPS group. Moreover, the intoxicated rats treated with combination treatment had the slightest pathological changes in liver and heart (GNDV < GABA or Na-DMPS). Conclusions The co-administration of γ-aminobutyric acid, sodium demercaptopropane sulfonate and vitamin B6 in large doses for the treatment of tetramine intoxication is a method of choice.

Surgical complications after pancreatoduodenectomy: risk factors and treatments / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the impact factors and treatment of post pancreatoduodenectomy complications.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 412 cases between January 1995 and April 2010 underwent pancreatoduodenectomy were analyzed retrospectively. There were 232 male, 180 female. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression model were used to identify the risk factors related to occurrence of postoperative complications.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The overall postoperative morbidity rate was 37.1% (153/412), and mortality rate was 4.6% (19/412). Total uncinate process resection, type of pancreatic-enteric anastomosis, duct diameter and pancreatic texture had effects on postoperative pancreatic fistula statistically. Total uncinate process resection, the amount of intra-operative blood loss ≥ 600 ml and pancreatic fistula were identified as significant risk factors for post pancreatoduodenectomy hemorrhage by means of univariate analysis. Delayed gastric empting occurrence in the patients with pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy was higher than those with standard pancreaticoduodenectomy significantly. The multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that duct diameter and pancreatic texture were the independent risk factors of pancreatic fistula. Total uncinate process resection, the amount of intra-operative blood loss ≥ 600 ml and pancreatic fistula were independent risk factors of bleeding. There were no statistically significant differences between the radical group and the standard group when postoperative complication rates were analyzed (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Pancreaticojejunal anastomoses by means of duct-to-mucosa is fit for the patients with dilated pancreatic duct and end-to-end invaginated pancreaticojejunostomy is fit for the patients with undilated pancreatic duct. The prevention of postoperative bleeding depends on total uncinate process resection and meticulous hemostatic technique during operation. The pancreatic fistula is one of the most important factors which can result in postoperative bleeding. Pancreaticoduodenectomy combines with SMV/PV resection and extended lymphadenectomy do not significantly increase the morbidity rates.</p>

Prevention and management of complications of endoscopic surgery for nasal-skull base neoplasms / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the surgical complications of endoscopic nasal-skull base surgery. The secondary objective was to propose the preliminary strategies for prevention and treatment of complications.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and thirty two patients with nasal-skull base tumors undergoing endoscopic or endoscope-assisted surgery were included in this study. Surgical approaches included endoscopic endonasal transethmoidal approaches, endoscopic endonasal transseptal transsphenoidal approach, extended endoscopic endonasal transseptal transsphenoidal approach, endoscopic transmaxillary posttrial wall approach, extended endoscopic transmaxillary posttrial wall approach, endoscopic nasal lateral wall dissection, maxillary osteotomy approach and endoscopic transoropharyngeal approach. These approaches were selectively used to resect the tumors in the area of nasal-skull base.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total resection of the tumors was obtained in 104 patients (104/132, 78.8%), with 29.5% (39/132) incidence of complications, including profuse bleeding, nerve injury, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, diabetes insipidus, electrolyte imbalance, hyperglycemia, and psychological disturbance. No catastrophic complications, sequelae and operative mortality encountered. Four months to 8 years' follow up (median 3.0 years) indicated that recurrence rate of the benign tumor was 9% (9/100) without died case, and 3-year and 5-year survival rates of the malignant tumor were 75.0% and 55.6%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Strategies proved to be effective in reduction of the overall incidence of the complications, especially in minimizing the catastrophic complications and sequelae. The strategies were as follows: first, according to original site, extension and characteristics of the tumor, designing appropriate endoscopic approaches for the treatment of skull base tumor; second, recognizing reliable surgical access points and safe plane of the dissection; third, predicting surgical risks preoperatively and proposing the corresponding plan to avoid these risks; fourth, acquainted with the endoscopic skills and familiarized the skull base structures; lastly, ensuring the correct management of the interdisciplinary problems with close collaboration with the interdisciplinary medical personnels.</p>

Surgical approaches for different stages of nasopharyngeal angiofibromas / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the optical surgical approaches for the resection of early and advanced stage of nasopharyngeal angiofibromas.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty two male patients aged 9 - 30 years (median 16 years) hospitalized in Xiangya Hospital from June 2003 to July 2006 with nasopharyngeal angiofibroma were recruited. Five operative approaches were selected according classification of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma described by Fisch. Six cases with stage I nasopharyngeal angiofibroma underwent endoscopic transnasal surgery. Six cases with stage II and 2 cases with stage III underwent endoscopic endonasal middle meatal transmaxillary-antrum approach. Three cases with stage III and 2 cases with stage IV underwent endoscopic endonasal middle and inferior meatal approach with extended transmaxillary-antrum resection. One case with stage IV underwent microscopic preauricula infratemporal fossa approaches combined with endoscopic endonasal middle and inferior meatal transantral approach. Two cases with stage IV underwent nasomaxillary osteotomy approach.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After surgery, CT scan or MR image showed that total removal of the tumor was achieved in 21 patients. One patient who received subtotal resection were performed by second endoscopic surgery and obtained total resection. No postoperative complications have been encountered in all treated patients. Nine months to 3 years follow up indicated that no cases recurred after surgery.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Appropriate surgical approach should be selected according to the clinical classification and whether the tumor has extended into whole nasal cavity, lateral fossa infratemporalis, intracranial or not. Such approaches might better facilitate the complete removal of nasopharyngeal angiofibromas and reduce the surgery-related injury.</p>

Construction and sequence analysis of the recombinant plasmid affecting gene ATX translation by RNA interference / 中国基层医药

Objective To construct the recombinant plasmid carrying shRNA to ATX and analyze the nucle- ic acid sequence for further searching new gene therapy method of tumor.Methods Two DNA sequences containing short hairpin structure were designed and synthesized.The complement form was obtained by annealing and inserted into vector Psilcncer2.1-U6 neo,and the recombinant plasmid was transformed into DH5a strain.Finally the plasmid identified by restriction enzyme was used for sequence analysis.Results The recombinant Psileneer2.1-U6 neo car- rying shRNA to ATX had been constructed and the aim sequence had been obtained.Conclusion The construction of the recombinant plasmid carrying shRNA to ATX lays the basis for the study of its inhibitive effect on tumor.

Itraconazole in the treatment of superficial candidal infections: twelve years' clinical experience / 中国医学科学院学报

Itraconazole has been used to treat superficial candidal infections in China for 12 years with promising efficacy and safety. This article retrospectively reviewed literatures published in the mainstream journals in China with an attempt to find a reasonable therapy for Chinese populations.